# Check running containers
docker ps -a
 
# View container logs
docker logs <container_id> --tail 100 -f
 
# Inspect container
docker inspect <container_id>
 
# Check resource usage
docker stats
 
# View container processes
docker top <container_id>
 
# Execute shell in running container
docker exec -it <container_id> /bin/sh
 
# Check Docker disk usage
docker system df
 
# View build history
docker history <image_name>

# Check exit code
docker inspect <container_id> --format='{{.State.ExitCode}}'
 
# View last logs
docker logs <container_id>

# Use multi-stage builds for smaller images
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
RUN npm run build
 
FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]

# List networks
docker network ls
 
# Inspect network
docker network inspect <network_name>
 
# Check container IP
docker inspect -f '{{range.NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' <container>

# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup && \
    adduser -u 1001 -S appuser -G appgroup
 
# Set ownership
COPY --chown=appuser:appgroup . .
 
USER appuser

# 1. Use specific tags, not :latest
FROM node:20.10-alpine
 
# 2. Set working directory
WORKDIR /app
 
# 3. Copy dependency files first (better caching)
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production
 
# 4. Copy source after dependencies
COPY . .
 
# 5. Use non-root user
USER node
 
# 6. Set proper labels
LABEL maintainer="you@example.com"
LABEL version="1.0"
 
# 7. Use HEALTHCHECK
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s \
  CMD wget -q --spider http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1
 
# 8. Expose ports
EXPOSE 3000
 
# 9. Use exec form for CMD
CMD ["node", "server.js"]

# docker-compose.yml
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    # Add for debugging
    stdin_open: true
    tty: true
    # Override command for debugging
    command: /bin/sh
    volumes:
      - .:/app
    environment:
      - DEBUG=true

# Rebuild without cache
docker-compose build --no-cache
 
# View logs
docker-compose logs -f app
 
# Restart single service
docker-compose restart app